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Crystallization

Crystallization is one of the important chemical solid-liquid separation techniques. In this process mass transfer of the solute, from a homogenous single phase solution, produces a pure solid crystalline phase.

Crystallization is one of the important chemical solid-liquid separation techniques.
It is the process for the formation of solid crystals from a homogenous single-phasesolution in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution generates a pure solid crystalline phase.
Crystallization is based on the principles of solubility. The solutes tend to be more soluble in hot liquid solvents than they are in cold liquids” If a saturated hot solution is allowed to cool, the solute is no longer soluble in the solvent and forms crystals of pure compound. Impurities are excluded from the growing crystals and the pure solid crystals can be separated from the dissolved impurities by filtration.
In crystallization where the particle size and purity must be controlled, mixing plays a key role by balancing circulation with shear to achieve sufficient micromixing and mesomixing for the reaction but avoiding over mixing to achieve growth without shedding and/or crystal fracture. Interaction between mixing and crystallization is very important as it can affect every aspect of a crystallization operation, including nucleation, growth, and maintenance of a crystal slurry”
Crystallization has been practiced longer than any other form of crystallization in both atmospheric tanks, which are either static or agitated, as well as in vacuum or pressure vessels.
Batch crystallizer is a jacketed closed tank with top-mounted agitator and feed connections. ACME provides a crystallizer with various impeller and baffle configuration depending upon the requirement of process.
The various impeller combinations are capable of providing sufficient blending for the reaction while providing the necessary low shear environment for the crystal growth as required by process.
Provisions are included so that the vessel may be heated with steam addition to the shell or cooling solution circulated through the jacket so as to control the temperature.

Fermentation

Fermentation works on the fact that micro-organisms change the chemical composition of bio-degradable materials into chemical substances that can be used for various purposes. In a typical fermenter, the micro-organisms are deployed and supplied with necessary food and nutrients that helps them to multiply and boost the fermentation process.

Polymerization

Polymerization is a liquid-liquid mixing process that allows reaction between monomer molecules to create polymer chains. Due to high viscosity and high exothermic heat of reaction of a typical polymerization system, the polymerization reactor needs to be design, considering heat transfer and the fluid flow.

Polymerization is a liquid-liquid mixing process that allows reaction between monomer molecules to create polymer chains.
Due to high viscosity and high exothermic heat of reaction of a typical polymerization system, the polymerization reactor needs to be design, considering heat transfer and the fluid flow.
For instance, most of the polymerization reactors are equipped with agitators. Commonly used tank reactors obviously have stirring capability.
Emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization reactions are the types of polymerization reaction carried out in the stirred tank reactors by agitation of the monomers or reactants.
Emulsion polymerization involves simultaneous nucleation-growth phenomenon. Monomer is first dispersed into drops enabling the aqueous phase to become saturated.
Monomers moves by a convection-diffusion mechanism to suspended particles.
Although nucleation and growth occur simultaneously, growth continues after nucleation stops.
The growth phase stops when the monomer supply is stopped. ACME agitator disperses monomer into drops and to provide adequate movement for suspension and heat transfer